Isaiah's Fourth Servant Song: Isaiah 52:13-53:12
Behold, my servant shall deal prudently, he shall be exalted and extolled, and be very high. Isaiah 52:13
He shall see of the travail of his soul, and shall be satisfied: by his knowledge shall my righteous servant justify many; for he shall bear their iniquities. Isaiah 53:11 (To read this entire Servant Song see Addendum B).
Introduction
The three previous Servant Songs of Isaiah focus on God's Righteous Servant, the Messiah. Isaiah chapters 42, 49 and 50 all build toward chapter 53 that fully describes His ministry. Isaiah 53 is the climax of this tremendous series of Scriptures. This Fourth Servant Song is the single most important chapter in the Bible because it reveals the reasons why Gods Servant had to suffer and die.
Beginning with Isaiah 52:13 and ending with Isaiah 53:12, this section of the Bible actually illustrates mankinds ultimate redemption from sin. The Fourth Servant Song demonstrates how the holy God of Israel has secured reconciliation for mankind from sin through His Righteous Servant. As this Song ties together so many of these critical aspects in one concise chapter, this Song is once more the single most important section in the entire Bible.
The three previous Servant Songs flow directly into the fourth. Some difficult to understand Scriptures found in the previous Songs are fully explained in this Song. All the questions generated by the first three Songs, the fourth now answers.
In Isaiah 42, the prophet speaks of two servants since it is quite clear that there are two different servants referred to in this chapter. One servant is
Israel
, which is described as the blinded servant living in spiritual darkness (Isaiah 42:18-20). The other Servant is King Messiah, who is called not only a light of the Gentiles but also a covenant of the people (Isaiah 42:6). This First Song does not mention what this covenant is:
Isaiah 42:6 I the LORD have called thee in righteousness, and will hold thine hand, and will keep thee, and give thee for a covenant of the people, for a light of the Gentiles
In Isaiah chapter 49, the second of Isaiahs Servant Songs, the prophet illustrates that the nation of
Israel
will despise and abhor Gods Servant, the Holy One of Israel. However, the reason is not mentioned:
Isaiah 49:7 Thus saith the LORD, the Redeemer of Israel, and his Holy One, to him whom man despiseth, to him whom the nation (singular) abhorreth, to a servant of rulers, Kings shall see and arise, princes also shall worship, because of the LORD that is faithful, and the Holy One of Israel, and he shall choose thee.
In Isaiah chapter 50, the third of Isaiahs Servant Songs, the despised and rejected Servant is beaten. According to this Song, Gods Servant willingly gave his back to the whip and His cheeks to them that plucked off the hair. He did not hide His face from shame and spitting. Again this Third Song fails to mention the reason for the suffering of Gods Righteous Servant.
Isaiah 50:5, 6 The Lord GOD hath opened mine ear, and I was not rebellious, neither turned away back. (6) I gave my back to the smiters, and my cheeks to them that plucked off the hair: I hid not my face from shame and spitting.
It is important to keep in mind that the prophet begins his dialogue regarding the Servant in Isaiah 52:13, not in Isaiah 53:1. Therefore, this study begins at Isaiah 52:13. The following is a verse-by-verse examination of Isaiahs Fourth Servant Song.
Isaiah 52:13 (The exalted Servant)
Behold, my servant shall deal prudently, he shall be exalted and extolled, and be very high.
In the beginning of Isaiahs monologue, the prophet introduces Gods exalted and glorified Servant, King Messiah. However, the first mention of His being raised up and glorified occurs in Isaiah chapter 42. According to Isaiah 42:1, God has placed His Spirit upon Him, a concept confirmed in Isaiah 11:1-2. Additionally, it is King Messiah who will bring forth judgment to the Gentiles (Isaiah 42:1, Jeremiah 23:5). According to Isaiah 42:6 and 49:8, the Messiahs exaltation and glorification are evidenced by the fact that He will be called in righteousness, will be a light to the nations and will be a covenant of the people.
Isaiah 52:14-15 (The despised Servant)
(14) As many were astonied at thee; his visage was so marred more than any man, and his form more than the sons of men: (15) So shall he sprinkle many nations; the kings shall shut their mouths at him: for that which had not been told them shall they see; and that which they had not heard shall they consider.
This passage, the entryway into Isaiah chapter 53, reveals that the Servants visage, shape of His face, undergoes such a severe beating that it becomes unrecognizable. It is also important to recall that both Isaiah 50:5, 6 and Micah 5:1 (KJV) establish a clear foundation for a suffering Messiah whose face would be beaten. There is, therefore, an obvious connection between Isaiah 50:5-7, Micah 5:1 (KJV) and Isaiah 52:14. These Scriptures reveal the beating and marring of the face of King Messiah:
Isaiah 50:5-6 The Lord GOD hath opened mine ear, and I was not rebellious, neither turned away back. (6) I gave my back to the smiters, and my cheeks to them that plucked off the hair: I hid not my face from shame and spitting.
Micah 5:1 (KJV) Now gather thyself in troops, O daughter of troops: he hath laid siege against us: they shall smite the judge of
Israel
with a rod upon the cheek.
When an individuals hair is pulled from his cheeks and his face is beaten with rods, clearly a tremendous amount of blood is lost. In addition, when a person is smitten or whipped on the back more blood loss occurs. The combination of these violent acts creates a great blood loss. This tremendous blood loss, which is associated with Gods Servant, is critical to understanding verse 15.
With the background of Gods Servant suffering a terrible beating, verse 15 states the Servant is going to sprinkle many nations. The word nation, gowy in Hebrew, means massed people or great numbers of people. The violent beating causes Gods Servant to sprinkle. This is a critical concept. The suffering of verse 14 is what causes the sprinkling, and it is the Servant who does the sprinkling. Naturally, the thought arises, what did the Servant sprinkle; why did he do it and for what reason was He beaten?
Later, in Isaiah 53, the Bible shows that Gods Servant was wounded and pierced for sin. He died as a result of the punishment that sin requires. The entire picture of the Fourth Song is wounding because of sin. Because of the loss of blood from the beating, the reasonable conclusion is that blood was sprinkled over the people. The use of blood in verse 15 fits perfectly with the use of the word sprinkle in the Hebrew Scriptures.
In Isaiah 52:15, the Hebrew word, yazeh, a form of the verb nazah, is translated sprinkle. Throughout the entire Hebrew Scriptures, this word is used a total of 24 times, always translated as sprinkle. There is no example in the Bible when this word is ever translated other than as sprinkle.
The word nazah also occurs in Exodus 29:21, Leviticus 4:6, Leviticus 4:17, Leviticus 5:9, Leviticus 6:27, twice, Leviticus 8:11, Leviticus 8:30, Leviticus 14:7, Leviticus 14:16, Leviticus 14:27, Leviticus 14:51, Leviticus 16:14 (twice), Leviticus 16:15, Leviticus 16:19, Numbers 8:7, Numbers 19:4, Numbers 19:18, Numbers 19:19, Numbers 19:21, 2 Kings 9:33 and Isaiah 63:3.
In every instance in the Bible, this Hebrew word is translated sprinkle in the context of sprinkling of blood, water and/or anointing oil for the express purpose of purification and cleansing. The word is connected with ritual cleansing. For example, during the Day of Atonement, blood was sprinkled on the mercy seat in the temple. The ritual was an absolute requirement to cleanse
Israel
of its sin. This sprinkling of blood was a requirement for the Jewish people to be made clean before the Holy God of Israel. These Scriptures from the Day of Atonement follow:
Leviticus 16:14 And he shall take of the blood of the bullock, and sprinkle it with his finger upon the mercy seat eastward; and before the mercy seat shall he sprinkle of the blood with his finger seven times.
Leviticus 16:15 "Then shall he kill the goat of the sin offering, that is for the people, and bring his blood within the veil, and do with that blood as he did with the blood of the bullock, and sprinkle it upon the mercy seat, and before the mercy seat."
Leviticus 16:19 "And he shall sprinkle of the blood upon it with his finger seven times, and cleanse it, and hallow it from the uncleanness of the children of Israel."
The concept of Gods Servant sprinkling blood over the nations brings into focus the New Covenant and the Gentiles. This verse establishes the link between the Day of Atonement and the New Covenant ushered in by Gods Righteous Servant. The previous Servant Songs reveal that the Servant is the subject of the New Covenant that also will affect the Gentiles. This verse lays the foundation for the New Covenant as revealed in Isaiah 53.
Though the blood of the animal offerings, as described in Leviticus chapter 16, atoned for the sins of the children of
Israel
, they now become justified by the blood and death of Gods Righteous Servant, King Messiah. The death and blood establish the New Covenant, the new way in which God will remember sin no more. The people now will be justified or righteous before the holy God of Israel:
Isaiah 53:11 He shall see of the travail of his soul, and shall be satisfied: by his knowledge shall my righteous servant justify many; for he shall bear their iniquities.
The book of Genesis is the key to understanding why the death of Gods Righteous Servant is so important. God reveals in Genesis that there is a severe penalty for breaking His law. The penalty is death. All of mankind fell under the penalty for sin. Sin had broken the relationship between the holy God of Israel and mankind. This penalty needed to be satisfied before this relationship was restored. The following verses show this connection between sin and death:
Genesis 2:17 But of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, thou shalt not eat of it: for in the day that thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die.
Romans 5:12 Wherefore, as by one man sin entered into the world, and death by sin; and so death passed upon all men, for that all have sinned
This penalty for sin needs payment. God establishes the temporary sacrificial system to atone for this penalty. However, Gods Righteous Servant pays the final price for sin. The Fourth Servant Song shows how God's Righteous Servant will bring the final redemption from the penalty of sin. The Day of Atonement in Leviticus 16 is a illustration pointing to what King Messiah is going to do. He brings the final redemption for mankind as according to Isaiah 52:15, the sprinkling of blood by King Messiah will touch all peoples of the world. So shall he sprinkle many nations.
Isaiah 53:1
"Who hath believed our report? and to whom is the arm of the LORD revealed?"
In this verse, the prophet asks a question, Who hath believed our report? The question is what report? The context of this section of verses is the suffering of Gods Servant and His death for sin. The prophet is asking who is going to believe this!
The report referred to in this verse is the report provided not only by Isaiah, but by all the other prophets as well. When Isaiah writes: Who hath believed our report, he is not only referring to his report, but to all of the writings in the Scriptures, the entire word of God.
After reading Isaiah 53:1, several questions come into mind: First, who or what is the arm of the LORD? Secondly, to whom is the arm of the LORD revealed? At times, the Scriptures refer to LORDs arm as a figurative expression for God providing redemption and salvation for His people, the children of
Israel
. However, Isaiah 52:10 specifically indicates that not only will God provide salvation for His people but all the ends of the earth will see His salvation. The Hebrew word for salvation is yeshua, which translates to Jesus in English.
According to Isaiah 49:6, Gods Servant is the salvation unto the ends of the earth. The arm of the Lord and Gods Righteous servant are the same:
Isaiah 52:10 The LORD hath made bare his holy arm in the eyes of all the nations; and all the ends of the earth shall see the salvation of our God.
Isaiah 49:6 And he said, It is a light thing that thou shouldest be my servant to raise up the tribes of Jacob, and to restore the preserved of
Israel
: I will also give thee for a light to the Gentiles, that thou mayest be my salvation unto the end of the earth.
How will God provide this salvation to the entire world? The answer occurs just a few verses later: through the arm of the Lord and His ministry as found in Isaiah 53! Through this Servant, the redemption of mankind takes place.
The arm of the LORD
Isaiah speaks of the arm of the LORD, or the LORDs arm in other passages. One passage begins in Isaiah 59:16 where the prophet speaks of the LORDs arm and likens Him to an intercessor. An intercessor is a priest. Zechariah 6:12-13 speaks of the BRANCH, King Messiah and indicates that He would not only be a King but also a priest. Psalms 110:4 describes the one on the right hand of Almighty God (Psalms 110:1), who is the Messiah, as a priest forever by Gods own personal decree. These Scriptures follow:
Isaiah 59:16 "And he saw that there was no man, and wondered that there was no intercessor: therefore his arm brought salvation unto him."
Zechariah 6:12-13 "Behold the man whose name is The BRANCH; and he shall grow up out of his place, and he shall build the temple of the LORD: Even he shall build the temple of the LORD; and he shall bear the glory, and shall sit and rule upon his throne; and he shall be a priest upon his throne: and the counsel of peace shall be between them both.
Psalms 110:4 (regarding the one at the right hand of Almighty God, verses 1,5) The LORD hath sworn, and will not repent, Thou art a priest for ever after the order of Melchizedek.
Isaiah 59:16 continues: therefore his arm brought salvation unto him. Though this verse indicates that the LORDs arm brought salvation unto him, Zechariah 9:9 indicates that King Messiah, the Branch of David, as having salvation:
Zechariah 9:9 "Rejoice greatly, O daughter of
Zion
; shout, O daughter of
Jerusalem
: behold, thy King cometh unto thee: he is just, and having salvation; lowly, and riding upon an ass, and upon a colt the foal of an ass."
Isaiah 59:17 states: For he (the LORDs arm) put on righteousness as a breastplate.
Though this verse indicates that the LORDs arm would put on righteousness as a breastplate, Isaiah 11:5 and Jeremiah 23:5-6, both about King Messiah, state that He will wear righteousness as a breastplate. These Scriptures follow:
Jeremiah 23:5-6 "Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that I will raise unto David a righteous Branch, and a King shall reign and prosper, and shall execute judgment and justice in the earth. In his days
Judah
shall be saved, and
Israel
shall dwell safely: and this is his name whereby he shall be called, THE LORD OUR RIGHTEOUSNESS."
Isaiah 11:5 "And righteousness shall be the girdle of his loins."
Isaiah 59:17-18 continues: he put on the garments of vengeance for clothing, and was clad with zeal as a cloke. According to their deeds, accordingly he will repay, fury to his adversaries, recompence to his enemies; to the islands he will repay recompence.
This verse indicates that the LORDs arm shall judge the nations, likewise, Isaiah 11:4 and Jeremiah 23:5 both state that King Messiah will judge the nations:
Isaiah 11:4 "But with righteousness shall he judge the poor, and reprove with equity for the meek of the earth: and he shall smite the earth with the rod of his mouth, and with the breath of his lips shall he slay the wicked."
Jeremiah 23:5 Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that I will raise unto David a righteous Branch, and a King shall reign and prosper, and shall execute judgment and justice in the earth.
Isaiah 40:10 provides additional information about the LORD's arm. This verse states:
Behold, the Lord GOD will come with strong hand, and his arm shall rule for him: behold, his reward is with him, and his work before him.
This verse indicates that the LORDs arm will rule for him; however, Daniel 7:13-14, Jeremiah 23:5, Zechariah 6:12-13 and Zechariah 9:9 all state that the Messiah rules as King. These Scriptures follow:
Daniel 7:13-14 I saw in the night visions, and, behold, one like the Son of man came with the clouds of heaven, and came to the Ancient of days, and they brought him near before him. (14) And there was given him dominion, and glory, and a kingdom, that all people, nations, and languages, should serve him: his dominion is an everlasting dominion, which shall not pass away, and his kingdom that which shall not be destroyed.
Jeremiah 23:5 Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that I will raise unto David a righteous Branch, and a King shall reign and prosper, and shall execute judgment and justice in the earth.
Zechariah 6:12-13 "Behold the man whose name is The BRANCH; and he shall grow up out of his place, and he shall build the temple of the LORD: Even he shall build the temple of the LORD; and he shall bear the glory, and shall sit and rule upon his throne; and he shall be a priest upon his throne: and the counsel of peace shall be between them both."
Zechariah 9:9 "Rejoice greatly, O daughter of
Zion
; shout, O daughter of
Jerusalem
: behold, thy King cometh unto thee: he is just, and having salvation; lowly, and riding upon an ass, and upon a colt the foal of an ass."
The above Scriptures establish the link between the LORDs arm and King Messiah. Through these connections, clearly Gods Righteous Servant, King Messiah and the arm of the LORD are all the same. Gods Servant as the arm of the Lord is the subject of chapter 53. This concept is so important let us once again look at this link. These five connections follow:
1. The LORDs arm is likened to an intercessor, a priest (Isaiah 59:16). Yet King Messiah is a priest forever (Zechariah 6:12-13, Psalms 110:4).
2. The LORDs arm brings salvation unto him (Isaiah 59:16). Yet King Messiah rides into
Jerusalem
on a donkey having salvation (Zechariah 9:9).
3. The LORDs arm put on righteousness as a breastplate (Isaiah 59:17). Yet King Messiah wears righteousness as the girdle of his loins (Isaiah 11:5) and is called a righteous King and THE LORD OUR RIGHTEOUSNESS (Jeremiah 23:5-6).
4. The LORDs arm will judge the nations (Isaiah 59:17-18). Yet the Branch will judge the nations (Isaiah 11:4, Jeremiah 23:5).
5. The LORDs arm will rule for him (Isaiah 40:10). Yet the Messiah will be King (Daniel 7:13-14, Jeremiah 23:5, Zechariah 6:12-13, Zechariah 9:9).
In the New Testament, John quotes Isaiah 53:1 applying it to the Lord Jesus dying on the cross. John equates Isaiahs words to the death of the Lord Jesus, again asking who could believe that King Messiah was dying on a cross!
John 12:38 That the saying of Esaias the prophet might be fulfilled, which he spake, Lord, who hath believed our report? and to whom hath the arm of the Lord been revealed?
In summary, Isaiah 52:13 through 53:12 can only be about King Messiah/Gods Servant. He is not only brings about the New Covenant that the First and Second Servant Songs proclaimed, but also He is the very subject of the New Covenant.
Isaiah 53:2
"For he shall grow up before him as a tender plant, and as a root out of a dry ground: he hath no form nor comeliness; and when we shall see him, there is no beauty that we should desire him."
In this verse, the prophet begins with the pronoun, he, which refers directly back to the arm of the LORD in the previous verse. Here, the arm of the LORD is referred to as a root out of dry ground. Significantly in Isaiah 11:10, the Messiah is also referred to as a root, the root of Jesse. In both these verses, the same Hebrew word, sheresh, is used for root:
Isaiah 11:10 And in that day there shall be a root of Jesse, which shall stand for an ensign of the people; to it shall the Gentiles seek: and his rest shall be glorious.
Isaiah, in two previous chapters, also identifies the dry ground. The dry ground is the nation of
Israel
. Without the outpouring of God's Holy Spirit on the nation, the LORD sees
Israel
as dry ground. Both Isaiah 5:13 and Isaiah 44:1-3 show this:
Isaiah 5:13 Therefore my people are gone into captivity, because they have no knowledge: and their honourable men are famished, and their multitude dried up with thirst.
Isaiah 44:1Yet now hear, O Jacob my servant; and Israel, whom I have chosen: (2) Thus saith the LORD that made thee, and formed thee from the womb, which will help thee; Fear not, O Jacob, my servant; and thou, Jesurun, whom I have chosen. (3) For I will pour water upon him that is thirsty, and floods upon the dry ground: I will pour my spirit upon thy seed, and my blessing upon thine offspring.
Isaiah certainly speaks of
Israel
as the dry ground. According to these passages, out of the dry ground of
Israel
will King Messiah, like a living tree, come forth.
Israel
will remain a dry ground until God pours out His Holy Spirit upon the nation. The prophet Joel states that God is going to pour out His Spirit upon all flesh, and Zechariah indicates that this event will occur during the Day of the Lord, indicating fulfillment in the future. The verses from Joel and Zechariah follow:
Joel 2:29 And also upon the servants and upon the handmaids in those days will I pour out my spirit.
Zechariah 12:10 And I will pour upon the house of David, and upon the inhabitants of
Jerusalem
, the spirit of grace and of supplications: and they shall look upon me whom they have pierced.
Therefore, the root in Isaiah 53:2 is the root of Jesse, and the nation of
Israel
is the dry ground. By placing the proper noun next to the pronouns in verse two, it is easy to understand what Isaiah is saying. By including the nouns, the verse now reads:
For he (King Messiah) shall grow up before him (LORD) as a tender plant, and as a root (King Messiah) out of a dry ground (Israel): he (King Messiah) hath no form nor comeliness; and when we (Israel, Isaiahs people) shall see him (King Messiah), there is no beauty that we (Isaiahs people, Israel) should desire him (King Messiah).
Isaiah 53:3
"He is despised and rejected of men; a man of sorrows, and acquainted with grief: and we hid as it were our faces from him; he was despised, and we esteemed him not."
Isaiah 53:3 further confirms the rejection of the Messiah not only by mankind in general, but also by His own people. In Isaiah chapter 49, the second of Isaiahs Servant Songs, the Messiah is described as being despised and rejected by an individual nation, the nation of
Israel
. Isaiah 49:7 states:
Thus saith the LORD, the Redeemer of Israel, and his Holy One, to him whom man despiseth, to him whom the nation abhorreth, to a servant of rulers, Kings shall see and arise, princes also shall worship, because of the LORD that is faithful, and the Holy One of Israel, and he shall choose thee.
It is important to keep in mind that when Jesus Christ came into the world approximately two thousand years ago, it was the majority of his own people who rejected him. This is exactly what Isaiah wrote would happen:
John 1:11 He came unto his own, and his own received him not.
This rejection reached its climax when the Messiah was severely beaten (Isaiah 50:5-7, Isaiah 52:14) and killed (Isaiah 53:8). As a result, by placing the proper noun next to the pronouns in verse three, the prophets message is unmistakable. It now reads:
"He (King Messiah) is despised and rejected of men; a man of sorrows, and acquainted with grief: and we (Isaiahs people,
Israel
) hid as it were our faces (Isaiahs people,
Israel
) from him (King Messiah); he (King Messiah) was despised, and we (Isaiahs people,
Israel
) esteemed him (King Messiah) not."
Isaiah 53:4-6
(4) Surely he hath borne our griefs, and carried our sorrows: yet we did esteem him stricken, smitten of God, and afflicted.
(5) But he was wounded (pierced) for our transgressions, he was bruised for our iniquities: the chastisement of our peace was upon him; and with his stripes we are healed.
(6) All we like sheep have gone astray; we have turned every one to his own way; and the LORD hath laid on him the iniquity of us all.
These verses illustrate the reasons why King Messiah was despised and rejected and eventually killed. According to verse four, the children of
Israel
originally believed that He was punished by God because of the things that He had done. In reality, He was wounded, pierced, for the peoples transgressions, He was bruised for their iniquities and with His stripes; they were healed. He was punished for the sins of others. The LORD laid upon His Righteous Servant the iniquity of them all!
In Leviticus 16:21, on Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement, the Bible states that Aaron placed his hands on the head of a live goat and confessed all of the iniquities, transgressions and sins of the people over it. The goat became bearer of all the sin of
Israel
:
Leviticus 16:21 And Aaron shall lay both his hands upon the head of the live goat, and confess over him all the iniquities of the children of Israel, and all their transgressions in all their sins, putting them upon the head of the goat, and shall send him away by the hand of a fit man into the wilderness.
Use of this goat was the original way provided by the LORD for the children of
Israel
to receive atonement and become clean from sin before the holy God of Israel. The Bible teaches that the penalty for sin is death (Genesis 2:17). God was illustrating through the sacrifices of animals that a substitute would have to die to pay this penalty for sin that otherwise the actual sinner had to pay. A substitute dying for another is a vicarious sacrifice.
The sacrificial system that God provided when man first sinned provided atonement for sin. Now, in this Servant Song, God is showing the time will come when animal sacrifices are no longer needed. God is providing the way to be righteous before Him.
In this section of the Fourth Servant Song, the prophet is showing that God's Righteous Servant, King Messiah, will become the sin bearer of mankind and pay the penalty for sin by His sufferings and death. The Messiah's death for sin becomes critical in mankind's relationship with the holy God of Israel. His atoning death becomes the basis of a New Covenant with God.
The Apostle Peter uses these verses to show the ministry of the Lord Jesus. He explains that when the Lord Jesus died on the cross He took the sin of mankind. Peter even uses Isaiahs expression in 53:6 that we have all gone astray from God as sheep:
1 Peter 2:24 Who his own self bare our sins in his own body on the tree, that we, being dead to sins, should live unto righteousness: by whose stripes ye were healed. (25) For ye were as sheep going astray
A person wounded, pierced, bruised and struck with a whip forming stripes sheds much blood. Through this New Covenant and shedding of blood, the children of
Israel
would be forgiven from the penalty of their sin.
It is important to remember that in Isaiah 50:5-7, King Messiah sets His face, like a flint. In addition, He gives His back to the smiters, those who would whip Him. Isaiah 52:14 continues to explain that His visage is marred more than any mans, and Gods Servants face was beaten so badly it was unrecognizable. Because of all of this blood being shed, So shall he sprinkle many nations. (Isaiah 52:15).
Here is an interesting observation: In Isaiah 40:10-11, the LORD's arm, the arm of the LORD, is likened to a shepherd:
Isaiah 40:10-11 Behold, the Lord GOD will come with strong hand, and his arm shall rule for him: behold, his reward is with him, and his work before him. (11) He shall feed his flock like a shepherd: he shall gather the lambs with his arm, and carry them in his bosom, and shall gently lead those that are with young.
According to Zechariah 13:7, the LORDs Shepherd is smitten, whipped severely. Zechariah explains why He is stricken. Again, it is because of the penalty due to sin. A fountain is opened for sin and uncleanness. According to the Fourth Servant Song, it is Gods Righteous Servant who cleanses us from sin:
Zechariah 13:7 Awake, O sword, against my shepherd, and against the man that is my fellow, saith the LORD of hosts: smite the shepherd, and the sheep shall be scattered: and I will turn mine hand upon the little ones.
Zechariah 13:1 In that day there shall be a fountain opened to the house of David and to the inhabitants of
Jerusalem
for sin and for uncleanness.
In Zechariah 13:7, the LORD is speaking and makes a reference to My Shepherd and My Fellow. These are obviously terms of high respect and endearment, yet this Shepherd is stricken. The LORDs arm is likened to a shepherd (Isaiah 40:10-11). Therefore, clearly when Zechariah refers to Gods Shepherd, He is also the Righteous Servant. These verses refer to the same person, Gods Righteous Servant, who will suffer and die for the sin of others.
In the New Testament, the Lord Jesus is referred to as the Good Shepherd, and He is willing to die for the sheep:
John 10:14 I am the good shepherd, and know my sheep, and am known of mine. (15) As the Father knoweth me, even so know I the Father: and I lay down my life for the sheep.
The striking of Gods Shepherd is connected with the death of the Lord Jesus on the cross. This striking occurred when He was beaten and then died on the cross for the sin of mankind. His disciples fled from Him at this time and thus were scattered:
Matthew 26:31 Then saith Jesus unto them, All ye shall be offended because of me this night: for it is written, I will smite the shepherd, and the sheep of the flock shall be scattered abroad.
Zechariah 3:8,9 reveals that the engraving or deep cutting of the Branch would remove iniquity in one day. The Bible translates the Hebrew word pathach as engraved. It gives the picture of a deep carving or plowing. This is the exact picture given in the Servant Songs of King Messiahs death for sin. Through the beatings and whippings, He was deeply carved or engraved as stated by Zechariah. The death of Gods Righteous Servant removes iniquity in one day from the land. These verses from Zechariah, when linked to the Fourth Servant Song, show what caused the engraving of Gods Righteous Servant:
Zechariah 3:8 Hear now, O Joshua the high priest, thou, and thy fellows that sit before thee: for they are men wondered at: for, behold, I will bring forth my servant the BRANCH. (9) For behold the stone that I have laid before Joshua; upon one stone shall be seven eyes: behold, I will engrave the graving thereof, saith the LORD of hosts, and I will remove the iniquity of that land in one day.
Isaiah 53:4 Surely he hath borne our griefs, and carried our sorrows: yet we did esteem him stricken, smitten of God, and afflicted. (5) But he was wounded for our transgressions, he was bruised for our iniquities: the chastisement of our peace was upon him; and with his stripes we are healed.
By placing the proper noun next to the pronoun of these verses, the message becomes very clear that King Messiah/Gods Servant died for the sins of mankind:
(4) Surely he (King Messiah) hath borne our (Isaiahs people,
Israel
) griefs, and carried our (Isaiahs people,
Israel
) sorrows: yet we (Isaiahs people,
Israel
) did esteem him (King Messiah) stricken, smitten of God, and afflicted.
(5) But he (King Messiah) was wounded (pierced) for our (Isaiahs people,
Israel
) transgressions, he (King Messiah) was bruised for our (Isaiahs people,
Israel
) iniquities: the chastisement of our (Isaiahs people,
Israel
) peace was upon him (King Messiah); and with his (King Messiahs) stripes we (Isaiahs people,
Israel
) are healed.
(6) All we (Isaiahs people,
Israel
) like sheep have gone astray; we (Isaiahs people,
Israel
) have turned every one to his (Isaiahs people,
Israel
) own way; and the LORD hath laid on him (King Messiah) the iniquity of us (Isaiahs people,
Israel
) all.
Isaiah 53:7
"He was oppressed, and he was afflicted, yet he opened not his mouth: he is brought as a lamb to the slaughter, and as a sheep before her shearers is dumb, so he openeth not his mouth."
This verse re-establishes and re-confirms the position that King Messiah does not complain or resist when under oppression and affliction. He willingly suffers for the sin of mankind. This idea is first mentioned in Isaiah chapter 50:
Isaiah 50:5 The Lord GOD hath opened mine ear, and I was not rebellious, neither turned away back. (6) I gave my back to the smiters, and my cheeks to them that plucked off the hair: I hid not my face from shame and spitting. (7) For the Lord GOD will help me; therefore shall I not be confounded: therefore have I set my face like a flint, and I know that I shall not be ashamed.
King Messiah is not rebellious. Isaiah 50:6 illustrates that He gives His back to the smiters, those who strike Him, and He gives His cheeks to those who pluck out His hair. Moreover, He does not hide His face from shame and spitting. King Messiah does so willingly with no regret. Jesus Christ with joy went to the cross and died for mans sin. He did so with joy, knowing that His death would reconcile sinful man with the holy God of Israel. In the New Testament, Hebrews 12:2 states:
Looking unto Jesus the author and finisher of our faith; who for the joy that was set before him endured the cross, despising the shame, and is set down at the right hand of the throne of God.
Did Jesus of Nazareth complain when He was oppressed and tormented? Did He go willingly to His death? He went to His death exactly as Isaiah 50:5-7 and Isaiah 53:7 described how the Servant would. He was not rebellious! The following Scriptures demonstrate this:
John 10:11 (Jesus said) I am the good shepherd: the good shepherd giveth his life for the sheep.
John 10:15 As the Father knoweth me, even so know I the Father: and I lay down my life for the sheep.
John 10:17 Therefore doth my Father love me, because I lay down my life, that I might take it again.
John 15:13 Greater love hath no man than this, that a man lay down his life for his friends.
When they took Jesus away at the
garden
of
Gethsemane
to be crucified, He did not complain. Matthew 26:50-54 states:
And Jesus said unto him, Friend, wherefore art thou come? Then came they, and laid hands on Jesus, and took him. (51) And, behold, one of them which were with Jesus stretched out his hand, and drew his sword, and struck a servant of the high priest's, and smote off his ear.
(52) Then said Jesus unto him, Put up again thy sword into his place: for all they that take the sword shall perish with the sword. (53) Thinkest thou that I cannot now pray to my Father, and he shall presently give me more than twelve legions of angels?
(54) But how then shall the scriptures be fulfilled, that thus it must be?
In these passages, Jesus clearly told his friends to put their swords away. The time had come for the Scriptures to be fulfilled. He never complained but went willingly to His death.
When Jesus was taken from near the
garden
of
Gethsemane
and placed into prison, the following events took place: They whipped Him and scourged Him. They pulled the beard from His face. They made Him a crown of thorns. They mocked Him, spat at Him and drove nails into His hands and His feet. They hung Him on a cross to die a criminals death.
Did Jesus demonstrate anger toward those who persecuted Him? Did He curse at them? One of the last things Jesus said before He died this horrible death on the cross is recorded in Luke 23:34:
Then said Jesus, Father, forgive them; for they know not what they do.
By placing the proper nouns next to the pronouns in Isaiah 53:7, the ministry of King Messiah becomes very clear:
"He (King Messiah) was oppressed, and he (King Messiah) was afflicted, yet he (King Messiah) opened not his (King Messiahs) mouth: he (King Messiah) is brought as a lamb to the slaughter, and as a sheep before her shearers is dumb, so he (King Messiah) openeth not his (King Messiahs) mouth."
Isaiah 53:8-9
"He was taken from prison and from judgment: and who shall declare his generation? for he was cut off out of the land of the living: for the transgression of my people was he stricken. (9) And he made his grave with the wicked, and with the rich in his death; because he had done no violence, neither was any deceit in his mouth."
These verses clearly specify that King Messiah would be cut off out of the land of the living. Cut off means to die. The reason for this death was for the transgression of my people was he stricken. King Messiah would die to pay the penalty for the sins of the people, not for Himself. This is the New Covenant: Gods Righteous Servant dying to pay the price for the peoples sin.
The Scriptures teach that the LORD will only accept a pure and unblemished offering for sin. The Bible reveals that all have sinned with no exceptions. However, Jesus of Nazareth, the only begotten Son of God, never sinned (Hebrews 4:15). According to John, He was the perfect and spotless Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world. Peter shows that the Lord Jesus did not commit sin and His speech was pure. The Lord Jesus meets all the requirement of this Song to be Gods righteous Servant. These verses follow:
John 1:29 The next day John seeth Jesus coming unto him, and saith, Behold the Lamb of God, which taketh away the sin of the world.
Hebrews 4:15 For we have not an high priest which cannot be touched with the feeling of our infirmities; but was in all points tempted like as we are, yet without sin.
1 Peter 2:22 Who did no sin, neither was guile found in his mouth: (23) Who, when he was reviled, reviled not again; when he suffered, he threatened not; but committed himself to him that judgeth righteously
The arm of the LORD has been shown as a reference to King Messiah. According to Isaiah 52:10, the arm of the LORD is holy. Therefore, since the Messiah is the arm of the LORD, He is holy. Since Jesus was without sin, He would most certainly qualify as being the holy arm of the LORD, King Messiah (Isaiah 52:10).
In Isaiah 53:8, Isaiah speaks of a servant who would be cut off for my people. Isaiahs people are
Israel
. Gods people are
Israel
. In the Old Testament Scriptures, the term my people refers to
Israel
(Exodus 3:7). Isaiah refers to
Israel
as my people just a few verses prior to this Servant Song. Isaiah 52:4-6 states:
(4)For thus saith the Lord GOD, My people went down aforetime into
Egypt
to sojourn there; and the Assyrian oppressed them without cause.
(5) Now therefore, what have I here, saith the LORD, that my people is taken away for nought? they that rule over them make them to howl, saith the LORD; and my name continually every day is blasphemed.
(6) Therefore my people shall know my name: therefore they shall know in that day that I am he that doth speak: behold, it is I.
Isaiah 53:8 is very clear that God's Servant, the Messiah, would die to pay the penalty for the iniquities, transgressions and sins of
Israel
.
Israel
is the my people or God's people in this verse. Placing the proper noun alongside the pronouns in Isaiah 53:8, leads to these conclusions:
"He (King Messiah) was taken from prison and from judgment: and who shall declare his generation? for he (King Messiah) was cut off out of the land of the living: for the transgression of my people (
Israel
, Isaiahs people) was he (King Messiah) stricken."
With respect to Isaiah 53:9, the verse clearly states that there, was no deceit in his mouth. Isaiah 11:2 reveals that the Messiah, would have the fear of the LORD. Certainly, those who have the fear of the LORD do not have deceit in their mouths:
Isaiah 11:2 "And the spirit of the LORD shall rest upon him, the spirit of wisdom and understanding, the spirit of counsel and might, the spirit of knowledge and of the fear of the LORD."
Placing the appropriate subject alongside the pronouns makes Isaiah 53:9 now read:
"And he (the LORD) made his (King Messiah's) grave with the wicked, and with the rich in his (King Messiah's) death; because he (King Messiah) had done no violence, neither was any deceit in his (King Messiah's) mouth."
Isaiah 53:10
"Yet it pleased the LORD to bruise him; he hath put him to grief: when thou shalt make his soul an offering for sin, he shall see his seed, he shall prolong his days, and the pleasure of the LORD shall prosper in his hand."
Why would it please the LORD to bruise Him and put Him to grief? The answer is that through the shed blood of the Messiah, mankind is now reconciled with the holy God of Israel! Though sin had entered into the world and had succeeded in separating us from our beloved Creator, the LORD Himself provided the New Covenant through which He would remember our sin no more. The LORD sent King Messiah to redeem mankind from sin:
For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life. John 3:16
The seventy of Israel - including Moses, Aaron, Nadab and Abihu - were allowed to enter into the presence of Almighty God after being sprinkled with the blood of the covenant at Sinai (Exodus 24:5-10). In similar fashion, we are now allowed to enter into His presence through the blood of the New Covenant, the Messiahs shed blood that was provided at the cross of
Calvary
. Hebrews 10:17-20 states:
(17) And their sins and iniquities will I remember no more. (18) Now where remission of these is, there is no more offering for sin.
(19) Having therefore, brethren, boldness to enter into the holiest by the blood of Jesus, (20) By a new and living way, which he hath consecrated for us, through the veil, that is to say, his flesh;
The LORD Himself shall see His Son, and shall prolong His days: Hence, the resurrection! King Messiah is the Son of God who can claim that God is His Father. He is the King that God sets on
Mt.
Zion
. God refers to the Messiah as His Son, as stated in Psalm 2:6-7:
(6) Yet have I set my king upon my holy hill of Zion. (7) I will declare the decree: the LORD hath said unto me, Thou art my Son; this day have I begotten thee.
In Isaiah 53:10, the Hebrew word zera is translated as seed. Although this word can refer to a physical seed, it can also mean child or offspring. In the New Testament, the Righteous Servants seed are the believers in Him. They are called His children. These Scriptures follow:
Leviticus 22:13: But if the priest's daughter be a widow, or divorced, and have no child (zera)
1 Samuel 1:11: And she vowed a vow, and said, O LORD of hosts, if thou wilt indeed look on the affliction of thine handmaid, and remember me, and not forget thine handmaid, but wilt give unto thine handmaid a man child (zera)
Hebrews 2:13 And again, I will put my trust in him. And again, Behold I and the children which God hath given me.
The Fourth Servant Song clearly teaches that Gods Righteous Servant is going to die to pay the penalty for the sin of the people. This verse mentions prolonging His Servants days. Because He is going to die, yet God will prolong His day, the reference is to His resurrection. Verse 12 also makes a clear reference to the Servants resurrection. Some verses to show the resurrection of the Lord Jesus follow:
Isaiah 53:12 Therefore will I divide him a portion with the great, and he shall divide the spoil with the strong; because he hath poured out his soul unto death
Romans 1:4 And declared to be the Son of God with power, according to the spirit of holiness, by the resurrection from the dead:
Romans 10:9 That if thou shalt confess with thy mouth the Lord Jesus, and shalt believe in thine heart that God hath raised him from the dead, thou shalt be saved.
Based on these conclusions, by placing the proper noun alongside the pronouns in Isaiah 53:10, now allows the reading:
"Yet it pleased the LORD to bruise him (King Messiah); he (the LORD) hath put him (King Messiah) to grief: when thou (the LORD) shalt make his (King Messiahs) soul an offering for sin, he (the LORD) shall see his (the LORDs) seed, he (the LORD) shall prolong his (King Messiahs) days, and the pleasure of the LORD shall prosper in his (King Messiahs) hand."
Isaiah 53:11
He shall see of the travail of his soul, and shall be satisfied: by his knowledge shall my righteous servant justify many; for he shall bear their iniquities.
Isaiah 53:11 is the most important verse in the Servant Songs and directly ties together some very important concepts. From this verse, comes the understanding that the holy God of Israel is satisfied with the death of His Servant; it identifies the Servant as Gods Righteous Servant; He justifies, makes righteous, many; and He takes the iniquities of those He made righteous.
This is the New Covenant. The holy God of Israel is satisfied with the death of His Servant. The LORD then establishes a New Covenant based on His Righteous Servant. The Four Servant Songs flow beautifully into the New Covenant as shown in the New Testament. This New Covenant is based upon the death and shed blood of Jesus Christ for sin. It is the travail of the Lord Jesus soul on the cross that satisfied the penalty for sin (1 Peter 2:22-25). The Lord Jesus suffered for sin that He might redeem sinful man to the holy God of Israel:
Matthew 26:28 For this is my blood of the new testament (covenant), which is shed for many for the remission of sins.
1 Peter 3:18 For Christ also hath once suffered for sins, the just for the unjust, that he might bring us to God, being put to death in the flesh, but quickened by the Spirit:
According to the Fourth Song, it is the Servants death for the penalty of sin that makes those who believe in Him just or righteous. Once again, this concept is found in the New Testament and attributed to the Lord Jesus. His righteousness in imputed to the people who believe in the covenant He established:
Romans 5:17 For if by one man's offence death reigned by one; much more they which receive abundance of grace and of the gift of righteousness shall reign in life by one, Jesus Christ.) (18) Therefore as by the offence of one judgment came upon all men to condemnation; even so by the righteousness of one the free gift came upon all men unto justification of life.
(19) For as by one man's disobedience many were made sinners, so by the obedience of one shall many be made righteous.
This important concept leads to an examination of Isaiah 53:11 in conjunction with two New Testament verses. The ministry of Jesus Christ perfectly matches the work of Gods Righteous Servant as found in the Fourth Servant Song:
2 Corinthians 5:18 and all things are of God, who hath reconciled us to himself by Jesus Christ
(21) For he hath made him to be sin for us, who knew no sin; that we might be made the righteousness of God in him.
Isaiah 53:11 He shall see of the travail of his soul, and shall be satisfied: by his knowledge shall my righteous servant justify many; for he shall bear their iniquities.
1 Peter 2:24 Who his own self bare our sins in his own body on the tree, that we, being dead to sins, should live unto righteousness: by whose stripes ye were healed.
This verse shows that the Servant has knowledge and is righteous. These two characteristics have already been fully examined in Isaiah 11 together with the previous Servant Songs. Only King Messiah is righteous before the holy God of Israel. Sinful man is righteous only through the New Covenant by believing in the death and shed blood of the Lord Jesus for sin:
1 John 2:1 My little children, these things write I unto you, that ye sin not. And if any man sin, we have an advocate with the Father, Jesus Christ the righteous:
Only Gods Servant had the knowledge of the law of Moses to fulfill the requirements needed for mans redemption. This required the direct guidance of the Holy Spirit. The Servant walked in the supernatural knowledge of God. Jesus Christ possessed this knowledge. He possessed all knowledge of the word of God:
Isaiah 11:2 And the spirit of the LORD shall rest upon him, the spirit of wisdom and understanding, the spirit of counsel and might, the spirit of knowledge and of the fear of the LORD
Colossians 2:3 "In whom (Jesus) are hid all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge."
Because of these conclusions, by placing the proper nouns alongside the pronouns in Isaiah 53:11, now allows this reading:
He (the LORD) shall see of the travail of his (King Messiahs) soul, and shall be satisfied: by his (King Messiahs) knowledge shall my (the LORDs) righteous servant (King Messiah) justify many; for he (King Messiah) shall bear their (
Israel
s) iniquities.
Isaiah 53:12
Therefore will I divide him a portion with the great, and he shall divide the spoil with the strong; because he hath poured out his soul unto death: and he was numbered with the transgressors; and he bare the sin of many, and made intercession for the transgressors.
The concluding verse summarizes the Fourth Servant Song and shows the Righteous Servant exalted. This Song begins and ends with the exalted Servant. In summary, the verse emphasizes that Gods Servant poured out His soul to death, but the people considered Him a sinner as He was numbered with the transgressors. He took the sins of many and, then after His death, He made intercession for the people.
Once again, the prophet emphasizes that Gods Righteous Servant died for the sin of the people. This is the central theme of this Song. So important is this concept that on seven occasions this Song states Gods Servant suffered for the peoples sin. The New Testaments states the same idea about the death of the Lord Jesus:
Isaiah 53:5 But he was wounded for our transgressions, he was bruised for our iniquities: the chastisement of our peace was upon him; and with his stripes we are healed.
(6) All we like sheep have gone astray; we have turned every one to his own way; and the LORD hath laid on him the iniquity of us all.
(8) He was taken from prison and from judgment: and who shall declare his generation? for he was cut off out of the land of the living: for the transgression of my people was he stricken.
(10) Yet it pleased the LORD to bruise him; he hath put him to grief: when thou shalt make his soul an offering for sin, he shall see his seed, he shall prolong his days, and the pleasure of the LORD shall prosper in his hand.
(11) He shall see of the travail of his soul, and shall be satisfied: by his knowledge shall my righteous servant justify many; for he shall bear their iniquities.
(12)
he hath poured out his soul unto death: and he was numbered with the transgressors; and he bare the sin of many
Isaiah 53:12 also states that the Servant acted as a priest and interceded for the people. This is precisely what the Lord Jesus is doing right now until His Second Coming:
Hebrews 7:25 Wherefore he is able also to save them to the uttermost that come unto God by him, seeing he ever liveth to make intercession for them. (26) For such an high priest became us, who is holy, harmless, undefiled, separate from sinners, and made higher than the heavens
It is obvious from Isaiah 53:12 that Gods Righteous Servant was resurrected from the dead. The Fourth Song is very clear that the Servant dies for the sin of the people, but in verse twelve, He is dividing the spoil with the people. This can only happen if He was resurrected from the dead.
In this final verse of the chapter, King Messiah takes possession of the spoils in victory. Spoils are taken from a defeated enemy in war or in battle. There is one chapter in the Hebrew Scriptures where King Messiah takes spoils, and this is found in Zechariah 14. The setting for this prophecy is during the Day of the Lord, the time when the Lord Jesus returns and saves
Israel
from total destruction. This is also known as the battle of Armageddon, when all the nations of the world will gather against
Jerusalem
:
Zechariah 14:1-4 Behold, the day of the LORD cometh, and thy spoil shall be divided in the midst of thee. (2) For I will gather all nations against
Jerusalem
to battle
(3) Then shall the LORD go forth, and fight against those nations, as when he fought in the day of battle. (4) And his feet shall stand in that day upon the mount of Olives, which is before
Jerusalem
on the east
Zechariah 14:12 reveals that an act of God totally destroys this massive army:
And this shall be the plague wherewith the LORD will smite all the people that have fought against
Jerusalem
; Their flesh shall consume away while they stand upon their feet, and their eyes shall consume away in their holes, and their tongue shall consume away in their mouth.
Zechariah 14:14 shows plainly how these spoils will be obtained. It states:
And
Judah
also shall fight at
Jerusalem
; and the wealth of all the heathen round about shall be gathered together, gold, and silver, and apparel, in great abundance.
These are the spoils gathered in victory, which the LORD divides with the strong. When King Messiah goes forth and fights against those nations that come against
Jerusalem
, His feet will stand in that day upon the Mount of Olives (Zechariah 14:3-4). Although Zechariah 14:12 teaches that the LORD will smite all the people that have fought against
Jerusalem
, those who have fought on His side will be rewarded. These are the spoils referred to in Isaiah 53:12.
Although the Servant Songs revealed that Gods Righteous Servant was despised and rejected by His people, the time is coming when all
Israel
turns to Him. This happens during the Day of Lord, as King Messiah destroys
Israel
s enemies. Before King Messiah shares the spoils, His people are restored to Him:
Zechariah 12:10-14 And I will pour upon the house of David, and upon the inhabitants of Jerusalem, the spirit of grace and of supplications: and they shall look upon me (him) whom they have pierced, and they shall mourn for him, as one mourneth for his only son, and shall be in bitterness for him, as one that is in bitterness for his firstborn.
(11) In that day shall there be a great mourning in
Jerusalem
(12) And the land shall mourn, every family apart
All of the children of
Israel
who remain will see Him, the One who was pierced for their sin. They will all mourn for Him. What happens after this period of mourning and repentance? The answer is the nation of
Israel
s complete healing from sin!
Zechariah 13:1 In that day there shall be a fountain opened to the house of David and to the inhabitants of
Jerusalem
for sin and for uncleanness.
1 Peter 1:18 Forasmuch as ye know that ye were not redeemed with corruptible things
(19) But with the precious blood of Christ, as of a lamb without blemish and without spot:
By John McTernan:
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